在不銹鋼的加工使用上人們開發(fā)了多種加工工藝，如研磨、噴砂、腐蝕等。不銹鋼具有銀白色的金屬光澤，在實際應(yīng)用中為了使其具有更多的顏色，我們一般采用表面噴涂某種固定色彩的油漆，從而達到我們想要的效果。
People have developed a variety of processing technic for using stainless steel processing, such as grinding, sandblasting, corrosion and so on. Stainless steel has a silver-white metallic luster. We generally use fixed color paint to spray the surface to make it have more color in practical application, to achieve the effect we want.
針對不銹鋼表面著色，可分為化學著色法、電化學著色法……
For stainless steel surface coloring, it can be divided into chemical coloring method, electrochemical coloring method.
★你是否知道★
下面這兩種在不銹鋼材質(zhì)上呈現(xiàn)的彩色圖案，是通過什么方式加工的呢？幕后功臣竟然是激光打標，本期帶你走進不銹鋼激光打彩的高“顏”值世界。
環(huán)保、綠色、不易脫落
Environmental protection, green, hard to fall off
隨著人們環(huán)保意識的增強，綠色加工的意識越來越強。傳統(tǒng)的噴涂工藝已經(jīng)無法適應(yīng)市場的需求。同時由于使用環(huán)境的影響，在不銹鋼表面噴涂的油漆會隨著腐蝕作用而出現(xiàn)脫落而影響正常使用。因此，探索出一種綠色無污染的不銹鋼表面著色工藝是具有廣闊前景的。
With the enhancement of environmental awareness, awareness of green processing is growing as well. Traditional spraying technology has been unable to adapt to the needs of the market. Meanwhile, because of the environment, the paint sprayed on the surface of stainless steel may fall off because of corrosion and affect the normal use.
顯色原理
Color Rendering Principle
不銹鋼材料彩色激光打標的顯色原理，經(jīng)過薄膜分析儀對不銹鋼激光打彩表面分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)在激光的作用下不銹鋼表面會產(chǎn)生一層薄膜，由于當光照射到經(jīng)過激光作用后的薄膜表面后發(fā)生干涉作用原理如下圖所示，從而產(chǎn)生出不同的顏色。當其產(chǎn)生干涉后究竟何種光會被加強取決于不銹鋼氧化膜的厚度，當其中某一種顏色的光被加強時候，薄膜表面就呈現(xiàn)出被加強的顏色。
The principle of stainless steel material color laser marking is using thin-film analyzer to analyze the stainless-steel laser painted surface and found that a thin-film will be produced on the surface of stainless steel under the action of laser. Because when light hits the surface of the film after the laser action is shown in the figure below, different colors are generated. What kind of light is strengthened when it interferes depends on the thickness of the stainless steel oxide film, When the light of one of the colors is intensified, the surface of the thin film shows the enhanced color.
光的薄膜干涉原理
The thin-film interference principle of light
動手操作
hands-on workshop
看了激光打彩的精美樣品，又說了激光打彩的優(yōu)點和原理，究竟用激光能打出怎樣絢麗的色彩，不妨通過實驗來了解一下。
We saw the exquisite samples and said the advantages and principles of laser coloring. What kind of brilliant colors can be produced with lasers? Let's look at the experiment.
實驗機型：RFL-P20M
窄脈寬脈沖光纖激光器具有高平均功率（20-100W）、高峰值功率（≤15kW）、2-350ns多種脈寬可調(diào)，高重復(fù)頻率（10-1000kHZ），可以通過采用不同的脈寬、頻率及功率組合，能精確控制激光能量輸出，因此在不銹鋼、鈦合金表面能形成不同厚度和不同氧化物構(gòu)成的“氧化膜”，進而能夠呈現(xiàn)出我們?nèi)搜劭吹降牟煌伾?
Short-pulse fiber laser with high average power (20 to 100w)、Peak power (less than or equal to 15kW)、2 to 350ns multiple pulse widths are adjustable, High repetition frequency (10 to 1000khz) can accurately control the laser energy output by using different pulse width, frequency and power combination. Therefore, the surface of stainless steel and titanium alloy can form "oxide film" composed of different thickness and different oxides, which can present different colors that our eyes can see.
其優(yōu)勢則在于它的脈寬和頻率為獨立可調(diào)，調(diào)整其中一項并不會影響其他激光參數(shù)，而這種特性，給不銹鋼彩色標刻帶了無限種可能。
The advantage is that its pulse width and frequency are independently adjustable, adjusting one of them will not affect other laser parameters, and this feature has unlimited possibilities for stainless steel color marking.
頻率-功率-脈寬線性曲線
Linear frequency - power - pulse width curve
由于不銹鋼表面打彩對于激光功率的變化很敏感，如若想讓不同的激光器標記出相同的顏色，對于激光器的功率-頻率線性度有很高的要求，本實驗的相關(guān)頻率-功率-脈寬線性曲線如上圖所示。
Because the color of stainless steel surface is very sensitive to the change of laser power, if different lasers want to mark the same color, there is a high requirement for the linearity of power-frequency of laser. The linear curve of related frequency-power-pulse width in this experiment is shown in the figure above.
各個脈寬在其對應(yīng)的截止頻率之前，功率與頻率呈現(xiàn)出正比關(guān)系，良好的線性關(guān)系為不同的激光器標記出同種顏色提供了很好的基礎(chǔ)。
Before the corresponding cutoff frequency of each pulse width, power and frequency show a direct proportion relationship, and a good linear relationship provides a good basis for different lasers to mark the same color.
見證奇跡的時刻
the time to witness the miracle
下面為本次實驗使用不同的工藝參數(shù)組合，所標記出的顏色種類:
The following is the color category marked by different combinations of process parameters used in this experiment:
青綠色
turquoise
磚紅色
brick red
金色
gold
橙色
orange
紫色
violet
淺藍
Cambridge blue
紫紅色
amaranth
青色
cyan
藏青色
navy blue
目前，國內(nèi)的激光打標應(yīng)用已經(jīng)被越來越多的廠商所使用，告別一般激光打標的黑白灰，在不銹鋼打標領(lǐng)域的拓展的基礎(chǔ)上，出現(xiàn)了不銹彩色打標的新工藝，只需幾分鐘，不銹鋼表面便可擁有各種各樣的美麗圖案，不僅提高了“顏值”，也為不銹鋼在生活中的應(yīng)用提供了更多可能，創(chuàng)造了激光標刻的另一個時代。
At present, the laser marking application in China has been used by increasingly manufacturers. Farewell general laser marking only black, white, and grey, based on the expansion of the field of stainless steel marking, a new process of stainless color marking appeared. only a few minutes, the stainless-steel surface can have a variety of beautiful patterns, not only improve the aesthetic value, but also provides more possibilities for the application of stainless steel in life, and create another era of laser marking.
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